Google Inc.. (NASDAQ: GOOG and LSE: GGEA) is an American public corporation, specializing in Internet search and online advertising. The company is based in Mountain View, Calif., and has employees amounted to 19 604 people (June 30, 2008) Google's philosophy includes slogans such as "Do not be evil", and "Work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun", illustrating a relaxed corporate culture .
Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were students at Stanford University and the company is a privately held company on 4 September 1998. Initial public offering on August 19, 2004, raising $ 1.67 billion, making it worth $ 23 billion. Through a variety of new product developments, takeovers and partners, the company has expanded its initial search and advertising business up into other areas, including web-based email, online mapping, office productivity, and video exchange.
Product
Google has created services and tools for business and community environments, including Web applications, advertising networks and solutions for businesses.
Advertising
Most of Google's revenue comes from advertising program. For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported profit advertising gets the number of $ 10.492 billion and only $ 112 million in licensing and other revenues. Google AdWords allows Web advertisers display their ads in Google search results and Google Content Network, through a system of pay-per-click or pay-per-view. Google AdSense website owners can also display adverts on their own site, and earn money every time ads are clicked.
Application
Google is widely known for its web search service, which is a major factor of success of this company. In August 2007, Google is a search engine on the web is most often used with a market share of 53.6%, and Yahoo! (19.9%) and Live Search (12.9%). Google has billions of web pages, so users can find the information they want, through the use of keywords and operators. Google has also employed the Web Search technology into other search services, including Image Search, Google News, the price comparison site Google Product Search, the interactive Usenet archive Google Groups, Google Maps, and more.
In 2004, Google launched a free web-based email service, called Gmail.
Gmail features spam-filtering technology and the ability to use Google technology to search email. The service generates revenue by displaying ads from the AdWords service that are included in the email message content is displayed on the screen.
In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which not only allow users to search and view videos for free, but also allow users and disseminators of media to spread its content, including television shows on CBS, NBA basketball games, and music videos. In August 2007, Google announced that they will stop the video rental and sale program and offer refunds and Google Checkout credits to consumers who had purchased videos to own.
Google also has made several desktop applications, including Google Earth, an interactive mapping program powered by satellite and aerial imagery that covers the entire planet Earth. Google Earth is considered highly accurate and more detailed. Some large cities have a clear image that can zoom in close enough to see vehicles and pedestrians clearly. As a result, there are several reasons for involvement in national security. Specifically, some countries and militaries contend the software can be used to pinpoint with near-precision accuracy the physical location of critical infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, bases, government agencies, and others. However, satellite images are rarely updated, and everything is available free of charge through other products and even government sources (NASA and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, for example). Some counter this argument by stating that Google Earth makes it easier to access and search for locations.
Several other products are available through Google Labs, which is a collection of applications that have not completed and still being tested to be used publicly.
Google has promoted their products in a variety of ways. In London, Google Space was set up in Heathrow Airport, showcasing several products, including Gmail, Google Earth and Picasa.Juga, a similar page was launched for American college students, under the name College Life, Powered by Google.
In 2007, several reports surfaced that Google was planning the launch of its own mobile phone, possibly a competitor to the iPhone Apple.Pada 5 November 2007, Google finally announced Android, a software platform and operating system for mobile devices supported by the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium which consists of 34 software companies, hardware, and telecommunications that aims to develop open standards for mobile devices. In September 2008, T-Mobile released the first mobile phone that runs on the Android platform, the G1.
In October 2007, Google SMS service launched in India and allow users to get business listings, movie showtimes and information by sending a short message.
Google also launched Google Chrome is a browser. The browser is pretty fast and looks minimalist
Derivative products
In 2007, Google launched Google Apps Premier Edition, a version of Google Apps targeted primarily at business users. This product includes such extras as more disk space for e-mail, API access, and support, for a price of USD50 per user per year. A large implementation of Google Apps with 38,000 users is at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
On December 13, 2007, Google announced a limited launch of Knol, a web site is intended as a reference source of knowledge. Knol opened free to all users on July 23, 2008.
Platform
The main article for this section are: Platforms Google
Google services running on multiple server farms, each farm contains thousands of low-cost commodity computers running the Linux version. While this company does not provide detailed information about its hardware, a calculation in 2006 stated that there are 450,000 servers, grouped and placed in data centers around the world.
Customs and culture of the company
Google is known by its relaxed ethos, reminiscent of the Dot-com. In January 2007, it was cited by Fortune Magazine as the # 1 (of 100) best company to work. Corporate philosophy is based on many casual principles including, "You can make money without doing evil", "You can be serious without a suit," and "Work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun." A complete list of corporate fundamentals is available on the website, Google's relaxed nya.Budaya can be seen from the Google logo on its various important days.
Google has been criticized for having salaries below industry standards. For example, some system administrators earn less than $ 35,000 per year - considered to be less for the Bay Area job market. However, Google's stock performance following its IPO has enabled many early employees to be compensated by participation in the growth of corporate wealth. Google implemented other employee incentives in 2005, such as the Google Founders' Award, in addition to offering higher salaries to new employees. Leisure, culture, global popularity, and strong brand recognition have also attracted potential applicants.
After the IPO in August 2004, it was reported that founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, requested that their salaries cut to $ 1. Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been canceled, mainly because, "their primary compensation continues to come from returns on their ownership stakes in Google. As significant stockholders, their personal wealth is tied directly to sustained stock price appreciation and performance, which provides direct alignment with stockholder interests. " In 2004, Schmidt was making $ 250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earn $ 150,000.
They all have refused offers of bonuses and increased compensation by Google's board of directors. In the United States reported the wealthiest people in 2007, Forbes reported that Sergey Brin and Larry Page as the # 5 with a net worth of $ 18.5 billion respectively.
Googleplex
While playing around with Google's name, its headquarters, in Mountain View, Calif., was named "Googleplex" - a googolplex being 1 followed by a hundred zeros, and the HQ being a complex of buildings (cf. multiplex, cineplex, etc). The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and the projection of a question mark on the wall. Aisle full of exercise balls and bicycles. Every employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and includes a gym with exercise equipment, locker rooms, bathrooms, massage room, video games, Foosball, son of the grand piano, pool table and ping pong. With the addition to the recreation room, there is a dining room filled with a variety of cereals, candy bears, candy, black candy, cashews, yogurt, carrots, fresh fruit, and dozens of different drinks including fresh juice, soda, and homemade cappuccino.
Board layout at the Googleplex
In 2006, Google moved into an area of 28,900 m² offices in New York City, exactly 111 Eighth Ave. in Manhattan. The office was designed and built specifically for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team that has been instrumental in securing large partnerships, especially with MySpace and AOL. In 2003, they added a development officer in New York City, which has been responsible for more than 100 development projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets, and lainnya.Diperkirakan that the building cost $ 10 million per year to rent and is also its function together with its Mountain View headquarters, including Foosball, air hockey and ping-pong table, game area also video.Pada in 2006, Google also inaugurated a new office for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The size of Google's search system is not yet known; estimate the number of servers the company is 450,000, spread over 25 locations worldwide, including major operations centers in Ireland and Atlanta, Georgia. Google is also currently in the process of building a large operations center in The Dalles, Oregon, on the banks of the Columbia River. The site, called the media as Project 02, was chosen because of the availability of hydroelectric power and a large stock of fiber optic cable, which abandoned since the dot com boom in the 1990s. Computing center is estimated area of two football fields, and has produced hundreds of construction jobs, resulting in local real estate prices increased by 40%. Once completed, this building will generate 60 to 200 permanent jobs in this town of 12,000 people that.
Google is also making strides to ensure their operations are environmentally friendly. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to meet 30% of campus energy needs.This system will be the largest solar power systems in the U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest in the world. In June 2007, Google announced that they plan to become carbon neutral by 2008, which includes investing in energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, and do not use carbon, such as investing in projects like capturing and burning methane from animal waste at farms of Mexico and Brazil.
["Twenty percent" time
All of Google's developers leaving 20% of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Google's newer services, like Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors. In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google VP of Search Products and User Experience, stated that his analysis shows that half of new product launches originated from 20% time.
Easter eggs and April Fool's Day jokes
The main article for this section are: Lie Google
Google has a tradition of creating April Fool's Day jokes - such as Google MentalPlex, which featured the use of mental power to search the web. In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the secret behind their growing search engine. In 2004, they featured Google Lunar (which claimed to feature jobs on the moon), and in 2005, a fictitious brain beverage, called Google Gulp diluncurkan.Tahun 2006, they came up with Google Romance, an online dating service. In 2007, Google announced two joke products. First is a free wireless Internet service called tisp (Toilet Internet Service Provider) where a person obtains a connection by flushing the end of fiber optic cable to their toilet and waiting for about an hour for "Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD)" to connect to the Internet. Additionally, Google's Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, which allows users of their free email service to have email messages printed and shipped to a snail mail address.
Some thought the announcement of Gmail in 2004 around April Fool's Day (also doubling the storage space Gmail to two gigabytes in 2005) lying, although both are transformed into the original announcement. In 2005, a comedic graph depicting Google for storage of "infinity plus one" GB is displayed on the Gmail homepage.
Google's services contains a number of Easter eggs; for example, the Language Tools page offers a search by language "Bork Bork Bork" Swedish Chef from "Hacker" (actually Leet) of Pig Latin, Elmer Fudd, and Klingon. In addition, the search engine calculator provides the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything from The Hitchhiker Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams.Sementara Google search box can be used as an exchanger unit (as well as a calculator), some non-standard units are also included , such as the Smoot. Google also routinely change the logo in accordance with various holidays or special events throughout the year, like Christmas, Mother's Day, or some famous person's birthday.
IPO and culture
Many people speculated that Google's IPO could affect the company's culture, because of shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions and short-term, or because a large number of company employees can become paper millionaires. In a report given to potential investors, founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the corporate culture. Later Mr. Page said, "We're thinking about how to preserve culture and fun elements. We spent a lot of time getting our offices. We think it's important to have many employees. People are packed together everywhere. We all share offices. We liked collection of this building because it looks like a university campus that united rather than an ordinary suburban office park. "
However, some penganalis found that as Google grows, companies are increasingly becoming "corporate". In 2005, an article in The New York Times and other sources claimed that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no philosophical origins. With a view to maintain the company's unique culture, Google has produced a Chief Culture Officer in 2006, which also serves as Director of Human Resources. The Chief Culture Officer is to establish and maintain a culture and work on the right path to the core values that the company was founded in the beginning - a small company, the scarcity of the hierarchy, a collaborative environment
Criticism
Google has received numerous controversies associated with their business practices and services. For example, the goal of Google Book Search is to include millions of books and make it easy to find has led to the abuse of copyright by the Authors Guild. Another copyright issue is about Gmail in the UK and several other states. Now, in various parts of the world, known as Google Mail. Google's cooperation with the Chinese government, and further by France and Germany (after Holocaust denial) to filter search results based on local laws and regulations that lead to claims of censorship. Google cookies and other information collection practices telahmemimpin to the problem of user privacy. Several Indian state governments have raised concerns about the security risks presented by the detailed drawings provided by Google Earth.Google also been criticized by advertisers as paid to click, when someone used to make payments on an advertisement without really having an interest in the product. Industry reports in 2006 claimed that about 14 to 20 percent of clicks are forced to pay.
See also
Google Translate - Google Web Translator
Googlebot - Bot search (search bot) Google
Google China - subsidiary, the Chinese version of Google web search
Google File System - a distributed data system internal Google
Google Platform - Architecture and system hardware Google's servers with geographic references
Google Doodle
The search engine
TrustRank
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